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Prometheus-HA

To achieve high availability (HA) for the kube-prometheus-stack across two AWS regions, you need to design a multi-region architecture that ensures redundancy, fault tolerance, and seamless failover. Below is a step-by-step guide to achieve this:

1. Deploy EKS Clusters in Two Regions

  • Set up two EKS clusters, one in each region (e.g., us-east-1 and us-west-2).
  • Ensure both clusters are properly configured with networking (VPC, subnets, security groups) and IAM roles for EKS.

2. Deploy kube-prometheus-stack in Both Regions

  • Install the kube-prometheus-stack Helm chart in both EKS clusters.
  • Use the same configuration for both deployments to ensure consistency.
  • Example Helm installation: 
    helm install prometheus-stack prometheus-community/kube-prometheus-stack -f values.yaml
  • Use a values.yaml file to customize the stack (e.g., storage, retention, and resource limits).

3. Configure Global Prometheus Federation

  • Use Prometheus Federation to aggregate metrics from both regions into a single global Prometheus instance.
  • In one of the regions, configure the Prometheus server to scrape metrics from the other region's Prometheus instance.
  • Example configuration in prometheus.yml: 
    scrape_configs:
  - job_name: 'federate'
    honor_labels: true
    metrics_path: '/federate'
    params:
      match[]:
        - '{job="prometheus"}'
    static_configs:
      - targets:
        - 'prometheus-west.example.com:9090'  # Replace with the Prometheus endpoint in the other region

4. Enable Thanos for Global Querying

  • Thanos is a popular solution for achieving global querying and long-term storage for Prometheus.
  • Deploy Thanos Sidecar alongside Prometheus in both regions.
  • Set up a Thanos Query instance that can query data from both regions.
  • Use Thanos Store Gateway if you are using object storage (e.g., S3) for long-term metrics storage.
  • Example architecture:
    • Prometheus + Thanos Sidecar in both regions.
    • Thanos Query in one or both regions.
    • Object storage (e.g., S3) for long-term metrics.

5. Set Up Multi-Region Alerting

  • Use Alertmanager to handle alerts from both regions.
  • Deploy Alertmanager in both regions and configure them to communicate with each other for deduplication and high availability.
  • Example Alertmanager configuration: 
    global:
  resolve_timeout: 5m
route:
  receiver: 'default-receiver'
  group_by: ['alertname', 'cluster', 'service']
  group_wait: 30s
  group_interval: 5m
  repeat_interval: 3h
receivers:
  - name: 'default-receiver'
    email_configs:
      - to: 'your-email@example.com'

6. Use Multi-Region Data Storage

  • For long-term metrics storage, use S3 with cross-region replication enabled.
  • Configure Thanos to store metrics in S3 buckets in both regions.
  • Example S3 configuration for Thanos: 
    type: S3
config:
  bucket: "thanos-metrics"
  endpoint: "s3.amazonaws.com"
  region: "us-east-1"
  access_key: "YOUR_ACCESS_KEY"
  secret_key: "YOUR_SECRET_KEY"

7. Configure Global Grafana Dashboards

  • Deploy Grafana in both regions and configure it to query the global Thanos Query endpoint.
  • Use the same dashboards and datasources in both regions for consistency.
  • Example Grafana datasource configuration for Thanos: 
    apiVersion: 1
datasources:
  - name: Thanos
    type: prometheus
    url: http://thanos-query.example.com:9090
    access: proxy

8. Enable Cross-Region Networking

  • Set up VPC Peering or AWS Transit Gateway to enable communication between the two regions.
  • Ensure that the Prometheus, Thanos, and Alertmanager components can communicate across regions.

9. Test Failover and Disaster Recovery

  • Simulate failures in one region and ensure that the other region can take over seamlessly.
  • Test alerting, metrics collection, and Grafana dashboards to ensure everything works as expected.

10. Automate Deployments

  • Use Infrastructure as Code (IaC) tools like Terraform or CloudFormation to automate the deployment of EKS clusters and the kube-prometheus-stack in both regions.
  • Use GitOps tools like ArgoCD or Flux to manage the kube-prometheus-stack deployments.

Summary

By deploying the kube-prometheus-stack in two regions, using Prometheus Federation or Thanos for global querying, and configuring multi-region Alertmanager and Grafana, you can achieve high availability for your monitoring stack. Ensure proper networking, storage, and failover testing to make the setup robust.

Let me know if you need further clarification or help with specific configurations!